Wednesday, June 3, 2015

[ISTQB Practice Questions] Chapter 6 - Tool Support for Testing




1. From the list below, select the recommended principles for introducing a chosen test tool in an organization?

1. Roll the tool out to the entire organization at the same time.
2. Start with a pilot project.
3. Adapt and improve processes to fit the use of the tool.
4. Provide training and coaching for new users.
5. Let each team decide their own standard ways of using the tool.
6. Monitor that costs do not exceed initial acquisition cost.
7. Gather lessons learned from all teams.

(A)  1, 2, 3, 5.     
(B)  1, 4, 6, 7.
(C)  2, 3, 4, 7     
(D)  3, 4, 5, 6.



2 Given the following types of tool, which tools would typically be used by developers and which by an independent test team:

i. Static analysis
ii. Performance testing
iii. Test management
iv. Dynamic analysis
v. Test running
vi. Test data preparation

(A)   Developers would typically use i, iv and vi; test team ii, iii and v    

(B)  Developers would typically use i and iv; test team ii, iii, v and vi   

(C)   Developers would typically use i, ii, iii and iv; test team v and vi    

(D)  Developers would typically use ii, iv and vi; test team i, ii and v  



3 Some tools are geared more for developer use. For the 5 tools listed, which statement BEST details those for developers
i) Performance testing tools.
ii) Coverage measurement tools.
iii) Test comparators.
iv) Dynamic analysis tools.
v) Incident management tools.

(A)   i, iii. and iv. are more for developers.    
(B)  ii. and iv. are more for developers.
(C)  ii, iii and iv. are more for developers.    
(D)   ii. and iii. are more for developers.



4 Which of the following activities should be performed during the selection and implementation of a testing tool?

i) Investigate the organisation's test process.
ii) Conduct a proof of concept.
iii) Implement the selected tool on a project behind schedule to save time.
iv) Identify coaching and mentoring requirements for the use of the selected tool.

(A)   i, ii, iii.     
(B)   ii, iii, iv.    
(C)   i, iii, iv.     
(D)  i, ii, iv.



5 Which of the following benefits are MOST likely to be achieved by using test tools?
i) Easy to access information about tests and testing.
ii) Reduced maintenance of testware.
iii) Easy and cheap to implement.
iv) Greater consistency of tests.

(A)  ii and iv    
(B)  ii and iii    
(C)  i and iv    
(D)   i and iii  



6 Which of the following can be considered as success factors when deploying a new tool in an organization?

(A)  Providing coaching to users and defining usage guidelines    

(B)  Monitoring tool usage and reducing the need for risk analysis 
  
(C)   Improving processes and focusing more on component testing
  
(D)   Assessing testing completion and minimizing code reviews



7 Which of the following are potential benefits of using test support tools?

(A)   Ensuring greater consistency and minimizing software project risks   

(B)  Reducing repetitive work and gaining easy access to test information   

(C)  Performing objective assessment and reducing the need for training   

(D)  Allowing for greater reliance on the tool to automate the test process  



8 What type of tools to be used for Regression Testing

(A)  Performance    
(B)  Record/Playback   
(C)   A. & B.    
(D)   None



9 Which of the following are potential benefits of adding tools to the test process?
I. Reduction of repetitive testing procedures.
II. Ability to hire testers with fewer technical skills.
III. Ability to get an objective assessment of progress.
IV. Greater consistency in testing procedures.

(A)   II, III and IV    
(B)   I, III and IV   
(C)   I, II and III      
(D)  . I, II and IV



Answers:

1. C

2. B

3. B

4. D

5. C

6. A

7. B

8. B

9. B


[ISTQB Practice Questions] Chapter 5 - Test Management




1 Why can be tester dependent on configuration management?

(A)   Because configuration management assures that we know the exact version of the testware and the test object   
(B)  Because test execution is not allowed to proceed without the consent of the change control board   
(C)   Because changes in the test object are always subject to configuration management   
(D)  Because configuration management assures the right configuration of the test tools    



2 Why is it necessary to define a Test Strategy?

(A)   As there are many different ways to test software, thought must be given to decide what will be the most effective way to test the project on hand.  
(B)   Starting testing without prior planning leads to chaotic and inefficient test project   
(C)  A strategy is needed to inform the project management how the test team will schedule the test-cycles   
(D)  Software failure may cause loss of money, time, business reputation, and in extreme cases injury and death. It is therefore critical to have a proper test strategy in place.   



3 Which of the following is the most important difference between the metrics-based approach and the expert-based approach to test estimation?

(A)   The metrics-based approach is more accurate than the expert-based approach.   
(B)  The metrics-based approach uses calculations from historical data while the expert based approach relies on team wisdom.   
(C)   The metrics-based approach can be used to verify an estimate created using the expert-based approach, but not vice versa.   
(D)  The expert-based approach takes longer than the metrics-based approach.   



4 A test engineer is testing a Video Player (VCR), and logs the following report:
Title: Fast Forward stops after 2 minutes. It happens every time
Expected result: Fast forward continues till the end of the tape

Severity: High
Priority: Urgent

What important information did the engineer leave out?

(A)  Identification (Software and hardware) of the VCR     
(B)   Actual result
(C)  History of the report    
(D)   Ideas for the test case improvement    



5 Which of the following can be root cause of a bug in a software product?
(I) The project had incomplete procedures for configuration management.
(II) The time schedule to develop a certain component was cut.
(III) The specification was unclear
(IV) Use of the code standard was not followed up
(V) The testers were not certified

(A)  (I) and (II) are correct             
(B)   (I) through (IV) are correct   
(C)   (III) through (V) are correct    
(D)  (I), (II) and (IV) are correct   



6 Which of the following helps in monitoring the Test Progress:
i. Percentage of Test Case Execution
ii. Percentage of work done in test environment preparation.
iii. Defect Information e.g. defect density, defects found and fixed
iv. The size of the testing Team and skills of the engineers

(A)  iv is correct and i,ii,iii are incorrect    
(B)  i,ii,iii are correct and iv is incorrect   
(C)  i,ii are correct and iii,iv are incorrect    
(D)   i,iv are correct and ii , iii are incorrect   



7 Which of the following could be a disadvantage of independent testing?

(A)   Developer and independent testing will overlap and waste resources. 
 
(B)  Communication is limited between independent testers and developers.   

(C)  Independent testers are too slow and delay the project schedule.   

(D)  Developers can lose a sense of responsibility for quality.   



8 In a risk-based approach the risks identified may be used to :
i. Determine the test technique to be employed
ii. Determine the extent of testing to be carried out
iii. Prioritize testing in an attempt to find critical defects as early as possible.
iv. Determine the cost of the project

(A)   ii is True; i, iii, iv & v are False    
(B)  i,ii,iii are true and iv is false
(C)  ii & iii are True; i, iv are False      
(D)   ii, iii & iv are True; i is false    



9 A project that is in the implementation phase is six weeks behind schedule. The delivery date for the product is four months away. The project is not allowed to slip the delivery date or compromise on the quality standards established for his product. Which of the following actions would bring this project back on schedule?

(A)  Eliminate some of the requirements that have not yet been implemented.  
(B)  Add more engineers to the project to make up for lost work.   
(C)  Ask the current developers to work overtime until the lost work is recovered.  
(D)  Hire more software quality assurance personnel.    


10 A Test Plan Outline contains which of the following:
i. Test Items
ii. Test Scripts
iii. Test Deliverable
iv. Responsibilities

(A)   i,ii,iii are true and iv is false            
(B)   i,iii,iv are true and ii is false   
(C)   ii,iii are true and i and iv are false    
(D)   i,ii are false and iii , iv are true


11 What is the KEY difference between preventative and reactive approaches to testing?

(A)   Preventative tests and reactive tests are designed as early as possible.    

(B)   Preventative tests are designed early; reactive tests are designed after the software has been produced.    

(C)   Preventative testing is always analytical; reactive testing is always heuristic.   

(D)  Preventative tests are designed after the software has been produced; reactive tests are designed early in response to review comments. 


12 From a Testing perspective, what are the MAIN purposes of Configuration Management?:
(i) Identifying the version of software under test.
(ii) Controlling the version of testware items.
(iii) Developing new testware items.
(iv) Tracking changes to test ware items.
(v) Analysing the need for new testware items.

(A)   ii, iv and v.     
(B)  ii, iii and iv,    
(C)   i, ii and iv.     
(D)   i, iii and v. 



13 Based on the IEEE Standard for Software Test Documentation (IEEE Std 829 - 1998), which of the following sections are part of the test summary report?
a) Summary
b) Test incident report identifier
c) Test deliverables
d) Risks and contingencies e) Variances
f) Approvals
g) Output specifications

(A)   a, e and f     
(B)  a, c and d    
(C)   a, b and f     
(D)  a, d and e 



14 There are several risks of managing your project's schedule with a statistical reliability model. These include (choose one or more of the following):

(A)  Testers spend more energy early in the product trying to find bugs than preparing to do the rest of the project's work more efficiently  

(B)  Managers might not realize that the testing effort is ineffective, late in the project, because they expect a low rate of bug finding, so the low rate achieved doesn't alarm them.  
(C)   It can increase the end-of-project pressure on testers to not find bugs, or to not report bugs.   

(D)  All of the above 



15 Poor software characteristics are

(A)   Only Project risks                       
(B)  Only Product risks    
(C)   Project risks and Product risks    
(D)   Project risks or Product risks 



16 Which factors contribute to humans making mistakes that can lead to faulty software?

I. Setting aggressive schedule II. Integrating complex systems
III. Allocating adequate resources
IV. Failing to control changes

(A)   I and II are true; III and IV are false    
(B)  . II and IV are true; I and III are false   
(C)   I, II and IV are true; III is false           
(D)   I, II and III are true; IV is false


17 Which sections are included as part of the test summary report?

W. Variances
X. Comprehensive assessment
Y. Evaluation
Z. Summary of activities

(A)   W, X and Y    
(B)  . W, X, Y and Z    
(C)   W and X        
(D)   W, X and Z



18 In a risk-based approach the risks identified may be used to :
i. Determine the test technique to be employed
ii. Determine the extent of testing to be carried out
iii. Prioritize testing in an attempt to find critical defects as early as possible.
iv. Determine the cost of the project

(A)   ii is True; i, iii, iv & v are False    
(B)  i,ii,iii are true and iv is false   
(C)   ii & iii are True; i, iv are False    
(D)   ii, iii & iv are True; i is false  



19 A product risk analysis meeting is held during the project planning period. Which of the following determines the level of risk?

(A)  Difficulty of fixing related problems in code    
(B)  The harm that might result to the user   
(C)  The price for which the software is sold         
(D)  The technical staff in the meeting





Answers:

1. A

2. D

3. B

4. A

5. B

6. B

7. D

8. B

9. A

10. B

11. B

12. C

13. A

14. D

15. B

16. C

17. B

18. B

19. B




[ISTQB Practice Questions] Chapter 4 - Test Design Techniques

1 For the code fragment given below, which answer correctly represents minimum tests required for statement and branch coverage respectively?

Discount rate=1;
Fare = 1000;
If ((person == 'senior citizen')
and ('travel month = January'))
Bonuspoints = 100+Bonuspoints
If (class=='first') discountRate = 5;
Fare = fare * discountRate;

(A)  Statement Coverage = 1, Branch Coverage = 2  

(B)  Statement Coverage = 2, Branch Coverage = 2   

(C)  Statement Coverage = 1, Branch Coverage = 3   

(D)   Statement Coverage = 2, Branch Coverage = 4   



2 One of the differences between the Modified Condition Decision Coverage and the Condition Coverage is:

(A)   The Condition Coverage ensures all paths through a module are executed whereas the Modified Condition Decision Coverage ensures each path in a decision can independently affect the outcome. 
 
(B)  The Modified Condition Decision Coverage ensures all alternative paths are executed whereas the Condition Coverage ensure all main paths are executed.   

(C)  The Condition Coverage ensures each condition takes all possible outcomes at lease once whereas the Modified Condition Decision Coverage requires both maximum and minimum values within each field.   

(D)  The Modified Condition Decision Coverage relies on the tester's skill and past experience whereas the Condition Coverage relies on the way in which the system moves from one condition to another.   



3 Which of the following statements describe why exploratory testing is a useful test design technique?

a. It can help derive test cases based on the internal structure of systems.
b. It is useful when there are limited specification documents available.
c. It is useful when there testing is constrained due to time pressures.
d. It is a cheaper alternative to more formal test design techniques.

(A)  b and c    (B)   a and c   
(C)  b and d    (D)  c and d  



4 Which of the following statements correctly describes the benefit of fault attacks?

(A)  They are more effective at finding faults than formal test design techniques
   
(B)  They are useful when there is limited experience in the test team   

(C)   They can evaluate the reliability of a test object by attempting to force specific failures 
        to occur   

(D)   They are less structured than other experience-based techniques  



5 The following code segment contains a potential 'divide by 0' error.

J=50
K=1
while (J>=10) and (N<=10) loop
M [K] = J/N
K = K + 1
N = N - 1
end loop
Which of the following is the most effective way of detecting this error?

(A)   Boundary testing    
(B)  Condition testing   
(C)   Compilation of the source code    
(D)  Source code inspection 



6 Considering the following pseudo-code, calculate the MINIMUM number of test cases for statement coverage, and the MINIMUM number of test cases for decision coverage respectively.

READ A
READ B
READ C
IF C>A THEN
IF C>B THEN
PRINT 'C must be smaller than at least one number'
ELSE
PRINT 'Proceed to next stage'
ENDIF
ELSE
PRINT 'B can be smaller than C'
ENDIF

(A)   3, 3.    
(B)  2, 3.   
(C)  2, 4.     
(D)  3, 2. 



7 If the pseudo code below were a programming language ,how many tests are required to achieve 100% statement coverage?

1. If x=3 then
2. Display_messageX;
3. If y=2 then
4. Display_messageY;
5. Else
6. Display_messageZ;
7. Else
8. Display_messageZ;

(A)  1    
(B)  2   
(C)  3    
(D)  4 


8 A piece of software has been given for testing. What tests from the following will you perform?
1) Test the areas most critical to business processes
2) Test the areas where faults will be maximum
3) Test the easiest functionalities

(A)  1&2 are true and 3 is false.    
(B)   1,2&3 are true.    
(C)  1 is true, 2&3 are false.    
(D)  1&2 are false, 3 is true



9 In a system designed to work out the tax to be paid: An employee has $4000 of salary tax free. The next $1500 is taxed at 10%. The next $28000 is taxed at 22%. Any further amount is taxed at 40% . To the nearest $ which of these is a valid Boundary Value Analysis test case?

(A)   $1500     
(B)   $32001    
(C)  $28000     
(D)  $33501


10 Equivalence partitioning is:

(A)  A black box testing technique used only by developers   
(B)   A black box testing technique than can only be used during system testing   
(C)  A black box testing technique appropriate to all levels of testing    
(D)  A white box testing technique appropriate for component testing 



11 Which of the following is true about White and Black Box Testing Technique:-

(A)  Equivalence partitioning, Decision Table and Control flow are White box Testing Techniques.   
(B)  Equivalence partitioning, Boundary Value Analysis , Data Flow are Black Box Testing Techniques.   
(C)  Equivalence partitioning , State Transition , Use Case Testing are black box Testing Techniques.   
(D)  Equivalence Partitioning, State Transition, Use Case Testing and Decision Table are White Box Testing Techniques. 


12 Which of the following types of defects is use case testing MOST LIKELY to uncover?

i) Defects in the process flows during real-world use of the system.
ii) Defects in the interface parameters in integration testing.
iii) Integration defects caused by the interaction and interference of different components.
iv) Defects in the system as it transitions between one state and another.

(A)  ii, iii.       (B)   i, iii.   

(C)   iii, iv.     (D)   i, ii 



13 We can achieve complete statement coverage but still miss bugs because:

(A)  The failure occurs only if you reach a statement taking the TRUE branch of an IF statement, and you got to the statement with a test that passed through the FALSE branch.    
(B)   The failure depends on the program's inability to handle specific data values, rather than on the program's flow of control.    
(C)  We are not required to test code that customers are unlikely to execute.   
(D)  All of the above  


14 Which of the following structure-based test design technique would be most likely to be applied to?

1 Boundaries between mortgage interest rate bands.
2 An invalid transition between two different area's statuses.
3 The business process flow for mortgage approval.
4 Control flow of the program to calculate repayments.

(A)  2, 3 and 4    (B)  2 and 4   

(C)  3 and 4        (D)  1, 2 and 3  


15 Requirement 24.3 A 'Postage Assistant' will calculate the amount of postage due for letters and small packages up to 1 kilogram in weight. The inputs are: the type of item (letter, book or other package) and the weight in grams. Which of the following conform to the required contents of a test case?

(A)  Test the three types of item to post and three different weights   

(B)  Test 1: letter, 10 grams, postage €0.25. Test 2: book, 500 grams, postage €1.00. Test 3: package, 999 gram, postage €2.53    

(C)   Test 1: letter, 10 grams to Belgium. Test 2: book 500 grams to USA. Test 3: package, 999 grams to South Africa    

(D)  Test 1: letter 10 grams, Belgium, postage €0.25. Test 2: package 999 grams to South Africa, postage €2.53  




16 Given the following fragment of code, how many tests are required for 100% decision coverage?

if width > length
then
biggest_dimension = width
if height > width
then
biggest_dimension = height
end_if
else
biggest_dimension = length
if height > length
then
biggest_dimension = height
end_if
end_if

(A)  3    
(B)  4   
(C)  2    
(D)  1



17 You have designed test cases to provide 100% statement and 100% decision coverage for the following fragment of code.

if width > length
then
biggest_dimension = width
else
biggest_dimension = length
end_if

The following has been added to the bottom of the code fragment above.

print 'Biggest dimension is ' & biggest_dimension
print 'Width: ' & width
print 'Length: ' & length

How many more test cases are required?

(A)  One more test case will be required for 100 % decision coverage.
  
(B)   Two more test cases will be required for 100 % statement coverage, one of which will be used to provide 100% decision coverage.    

(C)  None, existing test cases can be used.    

(D)  One more test case will be required for 100' statement coverage. 



18 Which test approaches or strategies are characterized by the descriptions below?

S. Process-compliant approaches
T. Heuristic approaches
U. Consultative approaches
V. Regression-averse approaches
1. Includes reuse of existing test material
2. Listens to suggestions from technology experts
3. Adheres to industry-specific standards
4. Runs test execution and evaluation concurrently

(A)   S4, T3, U2, V1    
(B)  S1, T2, U3, V4  
(C)  S2, T3, U1, V4     
(D)  S3, T4, U2, V1



Answers:

1. A

2. A

3. A

4. C

5. D

6. A

7. C

8. A

9. D

10. C

11. C

12. B

13. B

14. C

15. B

16. B

17. C

18. D